A bladder pacemaker is an implantable device designed to regulate nerve signals between the brain and the bladder. It’s also known as a sacral neuromodulation (SNM) device. This therapy is particularly effective for people experiencing urinary control issues such as:
- Overactive bladder (OAB)
- Urinary retention
- Urinary incontinence
Normal Bladder Function
The bladder is a muscular organ that stores urine produced by the kidneys. A complex interaction between the bladder muscles and the nervous system controls the process of urination. The sacral nerves, situated near the base of the spine, transmit signals between the bladder and the brain. This coordinates the urge to urinate with controlling urination. In other words, when everything works normally, you will only urinate when you decide to.
Pacemaker for Bladder – Will Having One Help?
When miscommunication between the brain and the bladder occurs, several treatment options exist. But conservative treatments like lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, or medications don’t always work. In those cases, an SNM device may be considered. They are utilized to treat several urinary disorders and can help you find symptom relief from conditions such as:
- Overactive bladder: characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable urge to urinate, often leading to frequent urination and, in some cases, involuntary leakage
- Urinary retention: the inability to empty the bladder completely or at all
- Urinary incontinence: the involuntary loss of urine
How Does a Bladder Pacemaker Work?
A bladder pacemaker sends gentle electrical signals to the sacral nerves. This alters the neural pathways that control bladder sensation and function. This modulation helps restore normal communication between the brain and the bladder. Symptoms associated with urinary dysfunction are reduced or even disappear.
One notable example of a bladder pacemaker is the Axonics Sacral Neuromodulation System.
The Axonics system includes a small, rechargeable neurostimulator device. It’s surgically implanted beneath the skin and is designed to provide effective, long-term relief. It works by sending gentle, consistent electrical pulses directly to the sacral nerves. Modulating nerve activity helps restore normal communication between the brain and bladder. The end result is lasting urinary symptom relief.
How is a Bladder Pacemaker Placed?
Implanting the Axonics bladder pacemaker usually involves a two-phase approach. This ensures you will benefit from the therapy before a permanent device is implanted.
Phase 1: The Trial Phase
During the trial phase, your doctor inserts a temporary, thin electrode near the sacral nerves at the base of your spine. This is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia. The electrode wire is connected to a temporary external neurostimulator worn discreetly on a belt for approximately 3 to 7 days.
Throughout this trial, you’ll monitor your symptoms closely, recording improvements in urinary control. If the trial demonstrates meaningful symptom relief, you may proceed to permanent implantation.
Phase 2: Permanent Implantation
A permanent neurostimulator is surgically implanted under the skin in the second phase. It’s usually placed in the upper buttock area and is barely visible. The implantation surgery is minimally invasive. It is performed under local anesthesia with sedation and usually takes about 60 to 90 minutes. You can return home on the same day.
After implantation, your doctor will program the neurostimulator through an external device. The communication device is able to deliver customized stimulation tailored to your symptoms.
Regular follow-up visits will help optimize the therapy settings. This will ensure a balance of effectiveness and comfort. The Axonics system, for example, is designed to function for at least 15 years, reducing the need for frequent replacements. You can experience substantial, sustained improvements in bladder control with proper management.
Bladder Pacemaker FAQs
1. How long is bladder pacemaker surgery?
The duration varies based on individual circumstances and whether you are in the trial or the permanent implantation phase. The surgical procedure for implanting a permanent bladder pacemaker generally takes about 1 to 2 hours.
2. What does a bladder pacemaker look like?
A bladder pacemaker is a small, compact device, often comparable in size to a stopwatch. For instance, the rechargeable Axonics R20 neurostimulator is roughly the size of a grape. The Axonics F15, which doesn’t require recharging, is slightly larger, more like a cherry tomato.
3. Is the implantation procedure reversible?
Yes, the implantation of a bladder pacemaker is reversible. The device can be removed if the therapy is ineffective or causes undesirable side effects.