The testicles are very sensitive organs. Even minor problems can lead to considerable discomfort.
Testicular pain is your body’s way of telling you something isn’t right. Pain might be a sign of something minor that is easily treated or a more serious issue that needs immediate medical attention.
10 Possible Causes of Testicular Pain
1. Testicular Torsion
Testicular torsion happens when the spermatic cord, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens, twists upon itself, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. This condition causes sudden, intense pain and swelling in the scrotum, often accompanied by nausea or vomiting. It is a surgical emergency, and if not treated promptly, the lack of blood flow can lead to permanent damage or loss of the testicle.
2. Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer often presents as a painless lump or firm area on the testicle. In some cases, it may also cause a dull ache or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. When detected early, testicular cancer has high treatment success rates. Routine self-exams and prompt evaluation are essential for the best outcomes.
3. Epididymitis
Epididymitis is an infection or inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is the coiled tube behind the testicle that stores and transports sperm. Epididymitis causes pain, redness, warmth, tenderness, and swelling in the scrotum. In younger men, it’s often caused by sexually transmitted infections. In older men, it is more commonly linked to urinary tract infections. If the infection spreads to the testicle, it can lead to a condition called epididymo-orchitis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and pain relief. Supportive care such as scrotal elevation and rest are sometimes needed.
4. Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia happens when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. In some cases, it extends into the scrotum, causing swelling or a noticeable bulge in the groin. The bulge may become more pronounced when coughing, straining, or lifting heavy objects. Hernias can cause discomfort or testicular pain. While some may not worsen, many require surgery to prevent complications like bowel obstruction or strangulation.
5. Trauma or Injury
A direct blow, accident, or repetitive minor injuries to the testicle can result in pain, swelling, and bruising. In severe cases, trauma can lead to internal bleeding or testicle rupture. This needs immediate attention. Treatment depends on the extent of the injury. Mild cases may be managed with rest, ice, and pain relief, while more serious cases may require surgery to repair damage.
6. Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits in the kidneys and can cause referred testicular pain. This pain is often sharp and cramping, radiating from the lower back or flank into the groin. Additional symptoms may include blood in the urine, nausea, and difficulty urinating. Small stones may pass with fluids and pain relief, while larger ones may need shock wave therapy or surgery.
7. Nerve-Related Pain
Nerve irritation or compression in the lower back or pelvic region can cause testicular pain even though the testicle itself is not the source of the problem. This pain is typically dull or aching, without swelling or redness, and may worsen with prolonged sitting or certain movements. Common causes include herniated discs, sciatica, or pelvic nerve dysfunction. These underlying issues need to be addressed for relief.
8. Hematocele
A hematocele occurs when blood collects inside the scrotum, usually due to trauma or injury. This can lead to significant swelling, pain, and discoloration. In severe cases, it may put pressure on the testicle, potentially affecting blood flow. Mild hematoceles may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care. Larger ones often require drainage or surgical intervention to relieve pressure and prevent complications.
9. Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac that develops around the testicle, resulting in scrotal swelling. While most hydroceles are painless, larger ones may lead to discomfort or a feeling of heaviness. In many cases, hydroceles resolve on their own, especially in newborns. A simple surgical procedure can be performed if they persist, cause discomfort, or continue to grow.
10. Varicocele
A varicocele is an enlarged cluster of veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. It is often described as feeling like a bag of worms when touched. A varicocele can cause a dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum, especially after prolonged standing or physical activity. While most varicoceles do not require treatment, severe cases may impact fertility. In these cases, surgical options like varicocelectomy or embolization may be recommended.
When to See a Doctor for Testicular Pain
Remember that even conditions that aren’t emergencies can still lead to long-term problems if left untreated. If you have testicular pain, a quick evaluation by a urologist can go a long way in preventing complications and helping you find relief.
Don’t continue to worry about testicular pain – call (541) 334-3350 to schedule an appointment today!