Epididymitis is a common cause of testicular pain and swelling. It’s often linked to infection or irritation. While it can be uncomfortable, the good news is that it’s usually treatable with the right care.
Spotting symptoms early and seeking medical help immediately can prevent issues and speed up recovery. Here’s what you need to know about epididymitis, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
What Is the Function of the Epididymis?
The epididymis is a crucial part of the male reproductive system. It supports both fertility and urological health. It acts as a storage and maturation site for sperm. Sperm stay there until they are fully developed and capable of swimming before leaving the body. Its key functions include:
- Maturing sperm. Sperm leaving the testes are not yet fully developed. The epididymis provides the environment needed for them to mature and gain motility.
- Storing sperm. It holds sperm until they are either ejaculated or naturally reabsorbed by the body.
- Transporting sperm. The epididymis connects the testes to the vas deferens. This allows sperm to move efficiently through the reproductive tract.
Epididymitis Symptoms
This condition often presents with noticeable signs, including:
- Pain or tenderness in the testicles. It typically starts in the back of one testicle and can spread, sometimes becoming severe if untreated.
- Inflammation that causes visible swelling of the scrotum and skin redness or warmth.
- Urinary tract symptoms, like painful urination or frequency. This is particularly true if a bacterial infection is involved.
- Discharge from the penis, especially when the cause is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
- Systemic symptoms like fever or chills in more severe cases.
Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms. Early treatment can help prevent complications such as:
- Abscess formation
- Chronic discomfort
- Infertility
What Causes Epididymitis?
The most frequent causes of epididymitis involve infection or irritation.
STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea are common culprits among younger, sexually active individuals.
Bacteria from a urinary tract infection can also spread to the epididymis. This is more common in older adults or those with:
- underlying urinary tract problems
- recent urinary tract procedures
- catheter use
Prostatitis or an enlarged prostate can also increase the risk of infection.
How Is Epididymitis Diagnosed?
Your doctor may use several methods to confirm a diagnosis:
- A physical examination will be performed to check for swelling, tenderness, or other abnormalities in the testicles or scrotum.
- A urinalysis and urine culture can be done to look for infection or inflammation in the urinary tract.
- If a sexually transmitted infection is suspected, a swab can help identify the specific cause.
- An ultrasound imaging test may be done if there is concern about testicular torsion or other conditions with similar symptoms.
Epididymitis Treatment
The treatment your doctor recommends will target the underlying cause. Depending on the diagnosis, your doctor may advise:
Antibiotics
Prescribed if bacteria are involved. If STIs such as chlamydia or gonorrhea are the cause, completing the full course of antibiotics is especially important.
Pain Management
Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, like ibuprofen or naproxen, can help reduce discomfort and swelling.
Supportive Care to Ease Symptoms
- Rest and limited movement can reduce pain and inflammation
- Wearing supportive underwear or using a folded towel to elevate the scrotum can help decrease swelling
- Applying a cold pack can provide localized relief
Can Epididymitis Be Prevented?
While not all cases of epididymitis can be prevented, certain measures may help lower your risk.
Safe sexual practices can help reduce infection. Using condoms regularly and talking openly about STI testing with partners can lower the risk of infections.
Addressing any urinary tract issues is also important. Treating UTIs or other urinary problems quickly can help prevent epididymitis as a complication.
Finally, regular check-ups help maintain urological health. Men with prostate concerns or frequent UTIs should follow up with their doctor for ongoing evaluation and care.
Epididymitis often responds well to treatment when caught early, so contact your doctor if you notice:
- Testicular pain or swelling
- Discharge from the penis
- Painful urination
- Symptoms that worsen or do not improve despite treatment
- Fever, chills, or other signs of systemic infection
And remember, following through on prescribed treatments will make a difference in your health and comfort while preventing further complications.
If you suspect you may have epididymitis, don’t delay – call (541) 334-3350 to schedule an appointment today!