WHAT IS PROSTATITIS?

1. Chronic prostatitis

In this condition, inflammation of the prostate gland develops gradually and persists for several weeks or even months. Due to its prolonged nature and the variability of symptoms, it can be challenging to diagnose and treat.

The most common types of chronic prostatitis are:

• Bacterial prostatitis. This type accounts for a small percentage of chronic cases. Bacteria and white blood cells may be found in the urine, indicating the presence of an infection.
• Non-bacterial prostatitis or inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome. This occurs when no bacteria are found in the urine, but white blood cells may be present, suggesting inflammation. The exact cause is often unclear.
• Prostadynia or non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome. This condition involves chronic pelvic pain without any signs of infection or inflammation. The cause is not well understood and may involve muscle or nerve issues.

Symptoms of chronic prostatitis include:

• Burning during or after urination
• Difficulty starting the urine stream
• Frequent or urgent need to urinate
• Pain in the pelvic area, lower back, or genital region
• Pain during or after ejaculation

2. Acute prostatitis

This is a sudden, severe inflammation of the prostate gland, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It is a condition that often comes on quickly and can cause more intense symptoms compared to chronic. It requires prompt treatment as untreated acute prostatitis can lead to complications.

Symptoms of acute prostatitis include:

• Sudden onset of fever and chills
• Severe pain in the lower abdomen, back, or genital area
• Difficulty urinating or a complete inability to urinate
• Burning sensation during urination
• Cloudy or bloody urine
• Flu-like symptoms such as muscle aches and fatigue

Several other conditions can cause symptoms similar to prostatitis, so seeing your doctor for an accurate diagnosis is important.

1. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). An enlarged prostate can cause similar urinary symptoms.
2. Overactive bladder (OAB). OAB is a condition that leads to frequent and urgent urination.
3. Prostate cancer. While less common, some prostate cancer symptoms can resemble those of chronic prostatitis.
4. Urinary tract infection (UTI). Infections of the bladder or urethra.

To diagnose prostatitis, your doctor will take a detailed medical history, perform a physical examination, and may conduct tests such as urine analysis, blood tests, or imaging studies. A rectal exam is often performed to check the prostate gland’s size, shape, and tenderness.

Options for chronic prostatitis treatment include:

• Antibiotics. These may be prescribed even if no bacteria are found, particularly for suspected chronic bacterial prostatitis.
• Alpha-blockers. Medications that help relax the muscles around the bladder and prostate to improve urine flow.
• Pain relievers. Over-the-counter or prescription medications to manage pain and inflammation.
• Lifestyle changes. Reducing your caffeine and alcohol intake and managing stress can also help.

Top treatments for acute prostatitis:

• Intravenous (IV) antibiotics can be administered in severe cases to combat the infection rapidly.
• Oral antibiotics are typically prescribed for several weeks to ensure the infection is fully treated.
• Hospitalization may be necessary if symptoms are severe or if complications arise.

1. What causes prostatitis?

Prostatitis can be caused by bacterial infections, particularly in acute cases, or it can develop without any clear infection, as seen in many cases of chronic prostatitis. Factors like stress, muscle tension, or autoimmune reactions may also play a role.

2. Is prostatitis a sexually transmitted infection?

It is not typically classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI). While some types of prostatitis can result from bacteria that are also responsible for STIs, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, most cases of prostatitis are not related to sexual activity.

3. Can prostatitis lead to prostate cancer?

There is no evidence that prostatitis increases the risk of developing prostate cancer. However, because some symptoms overlap, it’s important to have any concerning symptoms evaluated by a doctor.

4. Is chronic prostatitis curable?

Chronic prostatitis can be challenging to treat, and while some men may experience significant relief, others may have symptoms that persist despite various treatments. Working closely with your doctor can help manage the condition effectively.